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Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) is a long-term condition that causes joint pain, skin rashes and tiredness. There's no cure, but symptoms can improve if treatment starts early.

Symptoms of lupus

There are lots of possible symptoms of lupus.

The main symptoms include:

• joint and muscle pain
• extreme tiredness that will not go away no matter how much you rest
• rashes that usually come on after being in the sun - the rash is often over the nose and cheeks

You might also have:

• headaches
• mouth ulcers
• a high temperature
• hair loss
• weight loss
• swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits or groin
• depression and anxiety
• chest or tummy pain
• changes in the colour of your fingers and toes when you're cold, anxious or stressed (Raynaud's)

Symptom flare-ups

Lupus often flares up (relapses) and symptoms become worse for a few weeks, sometimes longer.

Symptoms then settle down (remission). The reason why symptoms flare up or settle down is not known.

Some people do not notice any difference and their symptoms are constant.

Tests for lupus

Lupus is not always easy to diagnose because the symptoms can be similar to other conditions.

A GP will usually do some blood tests. They may diagnose lupus if the tests show you have high levels of a certain type of antibody, and you also have the typical symptoms of lupus.

You might be referred for X-rays and scans of your heart, kidneys and other organs if the doctor thinks they might be affected.

If lupus is confirmed, you'll be advised to have regular checks and tests, such as blood tests to check for anaemia and urine tests to check for kidney problems.

Treatment for lupus

Treatment you may have for lupus includes:

• anti-inflammatory medicines like ibuprofen
• hydroxychloroquine for fatigue and skin and joint problems
• steroid tablets, injections and creams for kidney inflammation and rashes

Immunosuppressant or biological medicines are sometimes used to treat severe lupus. They help to calm or control your body's immune system.

Find out more about lupus and how it's treated on the Versus Arthritis website

Things you can do if you have lupus

Although medicines are important in controlling lupus, you can help manage your symptoms and reduce the risk of it getting worse.

Help and support

• Lupus UK: information, advice and support

Causes of lupus

Lupus is an autoimmune condition. This means the body's natural defence system (immune system) attacks healthy parts of your body.

It's not contagious.

The causes of lupus are not fully understood. Possible causes include:

• viral infection
• certain medicines
• sunlight
• puberty
• childbirth
• menopause

More women than men get lupus, and it's more common in women with an African, Caribbean, Asian or Chinese background.

Lupus in pregnancy

Lupus can cause complications in pregnancy.

See a doctor before trying to get pregnant. They can discuss the risks and check if your medicine needs to be changed.

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